{"id":21991,"date":"2021-11-24T22:18:25","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T12:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991"},"modified":"2021-11-24T22:18:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-24T12:18:25","slug":"%e8%8a%9d%e5%8a%a0%e5%93%a5%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%b8%e4%b8%80%e5%b9%b4%e4%b8%89%e5%ad%b8%e7%94%9f%e9%81%87%e5%ae%b3%ef%bc%9a%e6%b2%bb%e5%ae%89%e4%b8%8d%e9%9d%96%e6%b7%b1%e5%9f%8b%e6%96%bc%e7%a8%ae%e6%97%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991","title":{"rendered":"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"-ml-3 md:ml-0 pl-3 border-l-4 border-primary\">\u3010\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u773c\u3011\u672c\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u88ab\u52ab\u6bba\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u7576\u5730\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u8fd1\u5e74\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u7f6a\u6848\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u5f37\u8b66\u529b\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u6821\u5df4\u73ed\u6b21\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c\u5b78\u751f\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u6050\u6015\u9577\u671f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5be6\u6548\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u5712\u5340\u4f5c\u70ba\u829d\u57ce\u7684\u300c\u767d\u4eba\u5b89\u5168\u5cf6\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7f6a\u6848\u589e\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u96e3\u7368\u5584\u5176\u8eab\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u525b\u525b\u5f9e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u768424\u6b72\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u5712\u5340\uff08Hyde Park\uff09\u829d\u5927\u6821\u5712\u5468\u908a\u7684\u4e00\u689d\u4eba\u884c\u8def\u9047\u52ab\u69cd\u6bba\u3002\u6848\u767c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5147\u72af\u5728\u7576\u92ea\u8ce3\u6389\u6436\u4f86\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u5178\u62bc\u5f97100\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u88ab\u63a7\u8b00\u6bba\u548c\u6436\u52ab\u5169\u9805\u7f6a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u8fd1\u671f\u9996\u6b21\u6709\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\u3002\u4eca\u5e741\u6708\uff0c30\u6b72\u7684\u829d\u5927\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u8303\u8efc\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u69cd\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u88ab\u6bba\uff1b7\u6708\uff0c20\u6b72\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u751fMax Lewis\u906d\u6d41\u5f48\u5c04\u4e2d\u8eab\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u7387\u90fd\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u624b\u6a5f\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0b\u8f09\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53eb\u505aCitizen\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u6703\u4ee5\u5730\u5716\u5f62\u52e2\u986f\u793a\u5404\u500b\u8857\u5340\u5be6\u6642\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u54ea\u500b\u8857\u53e3\u525b\u525b\u767c\u751f\u8972\u64ca\u3001\u6436\u52ab\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u5e73\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u5927\u9078\u63a5\u4e8c\u9023\u4e09\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u50cf\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u570b\u57ce\u5e02\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e5f\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u8b00\u6bba\u6848\u4ef6\u6578\u91cf\u986f\u8457\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u7e3d\u8a08772\u5b97\uff0c\u6bd42019\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u534a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u4e5f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7dad\u6301\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5168\u5e02\u9304\u5f97336\u5b97\u8b00\u6bba\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u6b21\u8972\u64ca\u6848\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u8209\u884c\u516c\u958b\u96c6\u6703\u8868\u9054\u61a4\u6012\u548c\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u6297\u8b70\u6821\u65b9\u672a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b78\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2\"><strong>\u829d\u5927\uff1a\u5bcc\u88d5\u767d\u4eba\u5cf6<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u6240\u8655\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u5712\u5340\u6240\u8655\u7684\u5357\u5340\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u3002\u903e\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u5357\u5340\u6253\u9020\u6210\u516c\u5712\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u80cc\u9760\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u6e56\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u5712\u53ca\u5091\u514b\u905c\u516c\u5712\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u9ede\u958b\u767c\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u8208\u5efa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8c6a\u83ef\u5225\u5885\uff0c\u65bc1890\u5e74\u66f4\u6709\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5e2b\u751f\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u516c\u5712\uff08Washington Park\uff09\u4e00\u5e36\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u4e0d\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u7531\u672c\u4f86\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u85aa\u968e\u5c64\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u8b8a\u6210\u975e\u88d4\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u8ca7\u6c11\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u516c\u5712\u3001\u6069\u683c\u723e\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Englewood\uff09\u7b49\u4ecd\u7136\u5341\u5206\u8ca7\u56f0\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u767d\u5929\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u6216\u904a\u5ba2\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u5230\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u516c\u5712\u6563\u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9ed1\u4eba\u6210\u7fa4\u7d50\u968a\u7684\u904a\u8569\uff0c\u8857\u5340\u5e6b\u6d3e\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5206\u5b50\u6703\u5728\u516c\u5712\u88cf\u9032\u884c\u6bd2\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u800c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u6d77\u5fb7\u516c\u5712\u5340\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5bcc\u5eb6\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u5b64\u5cf6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u829d\u5927\u672c\u8eab\u8a2d\u6709\u8b66\u5bdf\u90e8\u9580\u3001\u9084\u6709\u5fd7\u9858\u8005\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5de1\u908f\u968a\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u5b98\u65b9\u7db2\u7ad9\u4ea6\u6253\u7740\u5168\u7f8e\u9802\u5c16\u9ad8\u6821\u4e2d\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u6821\u5712\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u62db\u724c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4ea6\u5728\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u7dad\u8b77\u4e86\u6821\u5712\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u773c\u770b\u7740\u9019\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u5340\u57df\u7015\u81e8\u5d29\u6f70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91dd\u5c0d\u8fd1\u5169\u5e74\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52d5\u589e\u9577\u4e4b\u52e2\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e02\u7684\u5404\u65b9\u5b98\u54e1\u5011\u5c31\u5176\u6210\u56e0\u722d\u57f7\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6b78\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\u662f\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u53f2\u53ca\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\uff0c\u4f7f\u829d\u57ce\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u7684\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6d1b\u7d04\u62c9\u5927\u5b78\uff08Loyola University Chicago\uff09\u72af\u7f6a\u516c\u7fa9\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efbDavid Olsen\u5c0dNBC\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u53ea\u662f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u51fa\u73fe\u8b00\u6bba\u548c\u69cd\u64ca\u6848\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5730\u5340\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u904e\u53bb30\u300140\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u6700\u843d\u5f8c\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u5340\u9694\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<div class=\"view-tracker\">\n<p>\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e02\u72af\u7f6a\u9ad8\u767c\u7684\u5340\u57df\u57fa\u672c\u8207\u7a2e\u65cf\u5340\u9694\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\uff0c\u8b00\u6bba\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5357\u5340\u548c\u897f\u5340\u5373\u662f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u3002\u8a72\u5169\u5340\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u7387\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u300c\u6700\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u300d\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u59d4\u5167\u745e\u62c9\u7b49\u570b\u9f4a\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5340\u57df\u5247\u4e00\u5e74\u4e5f\u5c11\u898b\u8b00\u6bba\u6848\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5169\u6975\u5316\u7684\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6536\u5165\u5230\u6cbb\u5b89\uff0c\u8cab\u5fb9\u8457\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad4\u81ea1910\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u81f3\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u7684\u300c\u5927\u9077\u5f99\u300d\uff08the Great Migration\uff09\u800c\u4f86\u5f8c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u843d\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u8ca7\u56f0\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u6b64\u5f8c\u4fbf\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u64fe\u7740\u9019\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"view-tracker\">\n<h3 class=\"mb-2\"><strong>\u300c\u7f6a\u60e1\u4e4b\u57ce\u300d\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u9060\u56e0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u975e\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad4\u81ea1910\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u81f3\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u7684\u300c\u5927\u9077\u5f99\u300d\uff08the Great Migration\uff09\u9593\u4f86\u5230\u6b64\u5730\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5168\u7f8e\u6709\u7d04600\u842c\u9ed1\u4eba\u9003\u96e2\u5be6\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u6cd5\uff08Jim Crow laws\uff0c\u898f\u5b9a\u5728\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8eca\u3001\u6cf3\u6c60\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u8a2d\u65bd\u5be6\u884c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\uff09\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u5dde\u4efd\uff0c\u642c\u5230\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\u3001\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002\u4f86\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u9019\u6279\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e58\u4e0a\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5728\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u5468\u908a\uff08\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u9435\u93fd\u5e36\uff09\u3001\u7531\u4e00\u6230\u5e36\u8d77\u7684\u57fa\u5efa\u3001\u92fc\u9435\u5de5\u696d\u7b49\u5de5\u696d\u6f6e\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5357\u5340\u548c\u897f\u5340\u4e00\u5ea6\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u5168\u570b\u76f8\u5c0d\u5bcc\u5eb6\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u975e\u88d4\u5927\u91cf\u6e67\u5165\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u539f\u672c\u7531\u611b\u723e\u862d\u88d4\u767d\u4eba\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a2e\u65cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u662f\u6f38\u8da8\u7dca\u5f35\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u57281919\u5e74\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7a2e\u65cf\u66b4\u52d5\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d05\u8272\u590f\u5b63\u300d\u7684\u5168\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u671f\u9593\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u66b4\u4e82\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u7559\u4e0b\u9577\u4e45\u798d\u60a3\u7684\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7a2e\u65cf\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u975e\u88d4\u793e\u7fa4\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u554f\u984c\u57cb\u4e0b\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>30\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u623f\u5c4b\u501f\u8cb8\u7d44\u7e54\uff08HOLC\uff09\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u5283\u7d05\u7dda\u300d\u653f\u7b56\uff08Redlining\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u7a2e\u805a\u5c45\u5340\u548c\u8ca7\u7aae\u8857\u5340\u5283\u5165\u300c\u7d05\u7dda\u5340\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u501f\u8cb8\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u5340\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u5340\u5283\u6a19\u6e96\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u5404\u5927\u9280\u884c\u548c\u4fdd\u96aa\u516c\u53f8\u63a1\u7d0d\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u5340\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u8cb8\u6b3e\u8cb7\u623f\u6216\u505a\u751f\u610f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u5730\u7522\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u7a2e\u53eb\u505a\u300cblockbusting\u300d\u7684\u6b3a\u8a50\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8b66\u544a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8857\u5340\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5c4b\u4e3b\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\u9ed1\u4eba\u4f4f\u6236\u9032\u99d0\u6703\u4f7f\u5176\u623f\u7522\u8cb6\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u616b\u607f\u4ed6\u5011\u8ce4\u8ce3\u4f75\u8cfc\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u623f\u7522\u2014\u2014\u9019\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u7576\u6642\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5011\u725f\u5f97\u66b4\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u9435\u93fd\u5e36\u5728\u7522\u696d\u8f49\u79fb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u4e5f\u885d\u64ca\u4e86\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5927\u91cf\u9ed1\u4eba\u5931\u696d\u3002\u4f46\u53d7\u63a3\u65bc\u300c\u5283\u7d05\u7dda\u300d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u8cb7\u623f\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u9019\u6a23\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6William Julius Wilson\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Loic Wacquant\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7522\u696d\u7d50\u69cb\u8b8a\u9769\u5f8c\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u66fe\u7d93\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u63aa\u65bd\u6700\u7d42\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a72\u57ce\u5e02\u975e\u88d4\u793e\u5340\u9677\u5165\u300c\u8d85\u8ca7\u6c11\u7a9f\u5316\u300d\uff08hyperghettoization\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u5340\u9694\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u64da\u300a\u7d10\u7d04\u6642\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u9ed1\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u670912%\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u9ed1\u4eba\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u5206\u5340\u3002\u300a\u5049\u5927\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u57ce\u5e02\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d93\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u8857\u5340\u6548\u61c9\u300b\uff08Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388Robert J. Sampson\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u6709\u7740\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u5730\u5716\u300d\uff08mental map\uff09\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u5c45\u6c11\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u5340\u6709\u7740\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u6b78\u5c6c\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u8857\u5340\u7684\u623f\u50f9\u9ad8\u6216\u4f4e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u5805\u6c7a\u4e0d\u6703\u642c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u8ca7\u7aae\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u540c\u6a23\u56f0\u64fe\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u975e\u88d4\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5357\u90e8\u5dde\u6216\u57ce\u5dff\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f11\u65af\u9813\u3001\u963f\u7279\u862d\u5927\u3001\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u6216\u4e9e\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6c89\u7a4d\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u6e90\u52a0\u4e0a\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u885d\u7a81\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7d66\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u518d\u8499\u4e00\u5c64\u9670\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u6210\u70ba\u5371\u96aa\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u5206\u88c2\u53ca\u8ca7\u7aae\u554f\u984c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u6821\u9577\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u904e\u5f8c\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6821\u5712\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u80fd\u5920\u7368\u7acb\u9762\u5c0d\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"-ml-3 md:ml-0 w-screen md:w-full\">\n<div class=\"pd3ie03\">\n<div class=\"f1oxu5xj\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-21992\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png 599w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951-500x326.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"-ml-3 md:ml-0 w-screen md:w-full\">\n<div class=\"pd3ie03\">\n<div class=\"f1oxu5xj\">\u5716\u70ba2021\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u8fd1\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u5230\u5728\u8def\u908a\u60bc\u5ff5\u4ed6\u3002\uff08AP\uff09<\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-21973\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-402x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"402\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-402x800.jpg 402w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-515x1024.jpg 515w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-252x500.jpg 252w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-768x1527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-773x1536.jpg 773w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e-1030x2048.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/dfab2a8c20d7b6670b3ebde34b3080e.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 402px) 100vw, 402px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u773c\u3011\u672c\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u88ab\u52ab\u6bba\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u7576\u5730\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u8fd1\u5e74\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u7f6a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u3010\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u773c\u3011\u672c\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u88ab\u52ab\u6bba\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u7576\u5730\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u8fd1\u5e74\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u7f6a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"599\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"390\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991\",\"name\":\"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/48dc71dff979790a3a71a01523644725\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png\",\"width\":599,\"height\":390},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/\",\"name\":\"\",\"description\":\"\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a   \u83ef\u4eba\u8a55\u8ad6\u7f51\u5a92\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/48dc71dff979790a3a71a01523644725\",\"name\":\"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-CN\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ce2aecb0273dfe258c5ec580f635c1dd?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ce2aecb0273dfe258c5ec580f635c1dd?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -","og_description":"\u3010\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u773c\u3011\u672c\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u912d\u5c11\u96c4\u88ab\u52ab\u6bba\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u7559\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u7576\u5730\u6cbb\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u5730\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u8fd1\u5e74\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u7f6a [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991","article_published_time":"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":599,"height":390,"url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991","url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991","name":"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2 -","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png","datePublished":"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-24T12:18:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/48dc71dff979790a3a71a01523644725"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-CN","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-CN","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u56fe\u50cf_2021-11-24_230951.png","width":599,"height":390},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?p=21991#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u5b78\u751f\u9047\u5bb3\uff1a\u6cbb\u5b89\u4e0d\u9756\u6df1\u57cb\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/","name":"","description":"\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a   \u83ef\u4eba\u8a55\u8ad6\u7f51\u5a92","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"zh-CN"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/48dc71dff979790a3a71a01523644725","name":"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-CN","@id":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ce2aecb0273dfe258c5ec580f635c1dd?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ce2aecb0273dfe258c5ec580f635c1dd?s=96&d=wavatar&r=g","caption":"\u8fa3\u624b\u795e\u7f16"},"url":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21991"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21991"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21991\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chillicomment.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}